Feasibility of Sentinel Node Biopsy in Breast Cancer Surgery
نویسندگان
چکیده
.................................................................................................. 7 Introduction ............................................................................................ 9 Review of the Literature ............................................................................ 11 1. Breast Cancer Incidence and Survival ................................................. 11 2. Lymph Node Metastases ................................................................... 11 3. Staging of Breast Cancer ................................................................... 13 4. Axillary Lymph Node Dissection ...................................................... 14 5. Axillary Lymph Node Sampling ....................................................... 15 6. Lymphatic Mapping and Sentinel Node Biopsy ................................ 15 6.1 History ...................................................................................... 15 6.2 Methods..................................................................................... 16 6.3 Accuracy..................................................................................... 18 7. Sentinel Node Biopsy and Cost Impacts ............................................ 20 8. Sentinel Node Biopsy and Surgery of Nonpalpable Breast Cancer ...... 20 9. Sentinel Node Biopsy and Morbidity After Breast Cancer Surgery ...... 22 9.1 Lymphedema ............................................................................. 22 9.2 Upper Arm Lymphedema .......................................................... 23 9.3 Breast Lymphedema ................................................................... 23 9.4 Functional Disorders of the Upper Extremity ............................. 24 9.5 Sensory Disorders of the Upper Extremity .................................. 24 Hypothesis of the Study............................................................................ 25 Patients and Methods ............................................................................... 26 Results ..................................................................................................... 33 Discussion ................................................................................................ 44 Conclusion ............................................................................................... 53 Acknowledgements .................................................................................. 54 References ................................................................................................ 56 Table of
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